糾正錯誤思想

即使我們的工作得到了極其偉大的成績，也沒有任何值得驕傲自大的理由。虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落後，我們應當永遠記住這個真理。

Even if we achieve gigantic successes in our work, there is no reason whatsoever to feel conceited and arrogant. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. This is a truth we must always bear in mind."Opening Address at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China " (September 15, 1956).

出處：《中國共產黨第八次全國代表大會開幕詞》（一九五六年九月十五日），《中國共產黨第八次全國代表大會文獻》第九——一零頁

因為勝利，黨內的驕傲情緒，以功臣自居的情緒，停頓起來不求進步的情緒，貪圖享樂不願再過艱苦生活的情緒，可能生長。因為勝利，人民感謝我們，資產階級也會出來捧場。敵人的武力是不能征服我們的，這點已經得到證明了。資產階級的捧場則可能征服我們隊伍中的意志薄弱者。可能有這樣一些共產黨人，他們是不曾被拿槍的敵人征服過的，他們在這些敵人面前不愧英雄的稱號；但是經不起人們用糖衣裹著的炮彈的攻擊，他們在糖彈面前要打敗仗。我們必須預防這種情況。

With victory, certain moods may grow within the Party - arrogance, the airs of a self-styled hero, inertia and unwillingness to make progress, love of pleasure and distaste for continued hard living. With victory, the people will be grateful to us and the bourgeoisie will come forward to flatter us. It has been proved that the enemy cannot conquer us by force of arms. However, the flattery of the bourgeoisie may conquer the weak-willed in our ranks. There may be some Communists, who were not conquered by enemies with guns and were worthy of the name of heroes for standing up to these enemies, but who cannot withstand sugar-coated bullets; they will be defeated by sugar-coated bullets. We must guard against such a situation."Report to the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China " (March 5, 1949), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 374.

出處：《在中國共產黨第七屆中央委員會第二次全體會議上的報告》（一九四九年三月五日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一四三九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

有許多的東西，只要我們對它們陷入盲目性，缺乏自覺性，就可能成為我們的包袱，成為我們的負擔。例如：犯過錯誤，可以使人覺得自己反正是犯了錯誤的，從此萎靡不振；未犯錯誤，也可以使人覺得自己是未犯過錯誤的，從此驕傲起來。工作無成績，可以使人悲觀喪氣；工作有成績，又可以使人趾高氣揚。鬥爭歷史短的，可以因其短而不負責任；鬥爭歷史長的，可以因其長而自以為是。工農分子，可以自己的光榮出身傲視知識分子；知識分子，又可以自己有某些知識傲視工農分子。各種業務專長，都可以成為高傲自大輕視旁人的資本。甚至年齡也可以成為驕傲的工具；～青年人可以因為自己聰明能幹而看不起老年人，老年人又可以因為自己富有經驗而看不起青年人。對於諸如此類的東西，如果沒有自覺性，那它們就會成為負擔或包袱。

Many things may become baggage, may become encumbrances if we cling to them blindly and uncritically. Let us take some illustrations. Having made mistakes, you may feel that, come what may, you are saddled with them and so become dispirited; if you have not made mistakes, you may feel that you are free from error and so become conceited. Lack of achievement in work may breed pessimism and depression, while achievement may breed pride and arrogance. A comrade with a short record of struggle may shirk responsibility on this account, while a veteran may become opinionated because of his long record of struggle. Worker and peasant comrades, because of pride in their class origin, may look down upon intellectuals, while intellectuals, because they have a certain amount of knowledge, may look down upon worker and peasant comrades. Any specialized skill may be capitalized on and so may lead to arrogance and contempt of others. Even one's age may become ground for conceit. The young, because they are bright and capable, may look down upon the old; and the old, because they are rich in experience, may look down upon the young. All such things become encumbrances or baggage if there is no critical awareness."Our Study and the Current Situation" (April 12, 1944), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 173.*

出處：《學習和時局》（一九四四年四月十二日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九五一頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

一部分軍隊工作同志養成了一種驕氣，對士兵，對人民，對政府，對黨，橫蠻不講理，只責備做地方工作的同志，不責備自己，只看見成績，不看見缺點，只愛聽恭維話，不愛聽批評話。……軍隊必須注意克服這種毛病。

Some comrades in the army have become arrogant and high-handed in their behaviour towards the soldiers, the people, the government and the Party, always blaming the comrades doing local work but never themselves, always seeing their own achievements but never their own shortcomings, and always welcoming flattery but never criticism… the army must endeavour to eradicate these faults."Get Organized!" (November 29, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 159.*

出處：《組織起來》（一九四三年十一月二十九日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九三七頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

艱苦的工作就像擔子，擺在我們的面前，看我們敢不敢承擔。擔子有輕有重。有的人拈輕怕重，把重擔子推給人家，自己揀輕的挑。這就不是好的態度。有的同志不是這樣，享受讓給人家，擔子揀重的挑，吃苦在別人前頭，享受在別人後頭。這樣的同志就是好同志。這種共產主義者的精神，我們都要學習。

Hard work is like a load placed before us, challenging us to shoulder it. Some loads are light, some heavy. Some people prefer the light to the heavy; they pick the light and shove the heavy on to others. That is not a good attitude. Some comrades are different; they leave ease and comfort to others and take the heavy loads themselves; they are the first to bear hardships the last to enjoy comforts. They are good comrades. We should all learn from their communist spirit."On the Chungking Negotiations" (October 17, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 58.*

出處：《關於重慶談判》（一九四五年十月十七日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一一六零頁

關於重慶談判：一九四五年十月，抗戰勝利後國共談判期間的報告。

不少的人對工作不負責任，拈輕怕重，把重擔子推給人家，自己挑輕的。一事當前，先替自己打算，然後再替別人打算。出了一點力就覺得了不起，喜歡自吹，生怕人家不知道。對同志對人民不是滿腔熱忱，而是冷冷清清，漠不關心，麻木不仁。這種人其實不是共產黨員，至少不能算一個純粹的共產黨員。

There are not a few people who are irresponsible in their work, preferring the light to the heavy, shoving the heavy loads on to others and choosing the easy ones for themselves. At every turn they think of themselves before others. When they make some small contribution, they swell with pride and brag about it for fear that others will not know. They feel no warmth towards comrades and the people but are cold, indifferent and apathetic. In fact such people are not Communists, or at least cannot be counted as true Communists."In Memory of Norman Bethune" (December 21, 1939), Selected Works, Vol. II, pp. 337-38.*

出處：《紀念白求恩》（一九三九年十二月二十一日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第六五三——六五四頁

紀念白求恩：一九三九年十二月，悼念加拿大醫生諾爾曼·白求恩（Norman Bethune）的文章。

鬧這類獨立性的人，常常跟他們的個人第一主義分不開，他們在個人和黨的關係問題上，往往是不正確的。他們在口頭上雖然也說尊重黨，但他們在實際上卻把個人放在第一位，把黨放在第二位。這種人鬧什麼東西呢？鬧名譽，鬧地位，鬧出風頭。在他們掌管一部分事業的時候，就要鬧獨立性。為了這些，就要拉攏一些人，排擠一些人，在同志中吹吹拍拍，拉拉扯扯，把資產階級政黨的庸俗作風也搬進共產黨裡來了。這種人的吃虧在於不老實。我想，我們應該是老老實實地辦事；在世界上要辦成幾件事，沒有老實態度是根本不行的。

Those who assert this kind of "independence" are usually wedded to the doctrine of "me first" and are generally wrong on the question of the relationship between the individual and the Party. Although in words they profess respect for the Party, in practice they put themselves first and the Party second. What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight. Whenever they are put in charge of a branch of work, they assert their "independence". With this aim, they draw some people in, push others out and resort to boasting, flattery and touting amongthe comrades, thus importing the vulgar style of the bourgeois political parties into the Communist Party. It is their dishonesty that causes them to come to grief. I believe we should do things honestly, for without an honest attitude it is absolutely impossible to accomplish anything in this world."Rectify the Party's Style of Work" (February 1, 1942), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 44.

出處：《整頓黨的作風》（一九四二年二月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第八二三——八二四頁

整頓黨的作風：一九四二年二月，延安整風的開篇報告之一。

共產黨員必須懂得以局部需要服從全局需要這一個道理。如果某項意見在局部的情形看來是可行的，而在全局的情形看來是不可行的，就應以局部服從全局。反之也是一樣，在局部的情形看來是不可行的，而在全局的情形看來是可行的，也應以局部服從全局。這就是照顧全局的觀點。

They [Communists] must grasp the principle of subordinating the needs of the part to the needs of the whole. If a proposal appears feasible for a partial situation but not for the situation as a whole, then the part must give way to the whole. Conversely, if the proposal is not feasible for the part but is feasible in the light of the situation as a whole, again the part must give way to the whole. This is what is meant by considering the situation as a whole."The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War" (October 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 201.

出處：《中國共產黨在民族戰爭中的地位》（一九三八年十月），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第五一三——五一四頁

中國共產黨在民族戰爭中的地位：一九三八年十月，講黨在抗戰中的角色與紀律。

享樂主義。個人主義見於享樂方面的，在紅軍中也有不少的人。他們總是希望隊伍開到大城市去。他們要到大城市不是為了去工作，而是為了去享樂。他們最不樂意的是在生活艱難的紅色區域裡工作。

Pleasure-seeking. In the Red Army there are also quite a few people whose individualism finds expression in pleasure-seeking. They always hope that their unit will march into big cities. They want to go there not to work but to enjoy themselves. The last thing they want is to work in the Red areas where life is hard."On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party" (December 1929), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 113.

出處：《關於糾正黨內的錯誤思想》（一九二九年十二月），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第九六頁

關於糾正黨內的錯誤思想：一九二九年十二月古田會議決議，是本書第二十四章的核心來源。

必須反對只顧自己不顧別人的本位主義的傾向。誰要是對別人的困難不管，別人要調他所屬的幹部不給，或以壞的送人，「以鄰為壑」，全不為別部、別地、別人想一想，這樣的人就叫做本位主義者，這就是完全失掉了共產主義的精神。不顧大局，對別部、別地、別人漠不關心，就是這種本位主義者的特點。對於這樣的人，必須加重教育，使他們懂得這就是一種宗派主義的傾向，如果發展下去，是很危險的。

We must oppose the tendency towards selfish departmentalism by which the interests of one's own unit are looked after to the exclusion of those of others. Whoever is indifferent to the difficulties of others, refuses to transfer cadres to other units on request, or releases only the inferior ones, "using the neighbour's field as an outlet for his overflow", and does not give the slightest consideration to other departments, localities or people - such a person is a selfish departmentalist who has entirely lost the spirit of communism. Lack of consideration for the whole and complete indifference to other departments, localities and people are characteristics of a selfish departmentalist. We must intensify our efforts to educate such persons and to make them understand that selfish departmentalism is a sectarian tendency which will become very dangerous, if allowed to develop."Rectify the Party's Style of Work" (February 1, 1942), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 46.

出處：《整頓黨的作風》（一九四二年二月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第八二五——八二六頁

整頓黨的作風：一九四二年二月，延安整風的開篇報告之一。

自由主義有各種表現。因為是熟人、同鄉、同學、知心朋友、親愛者、老同事、老部下，明知不對，也不同他們作原則上的爭論，任其下去，求得和平和親熱。或者輕描淡寫地說一頓，不作徹底解決，保持一團和氣。結果是有害於團體，也有害於個人。這是第一種。不負責任的背後批評，不是積極地向組織建議。當面不說，背後亂說；開會不說，會後亂說。心目中沒有集體生活的原則，只有自由放任。這是第二種。事不關己，高高掛起；明知不對，少說為佳；明哲保身，但求無過。這是第三種。命令不服從，個人意見第一。只要組織照顧，不要組織紀律。這是第四種。不是為了團結，為了進步，為了把事情弄好，向不正確的意見鬥爭和爭論，而是個人攻擊，鬧意氣，泄私憤，圖報復。這是第五種。聽了不正確的議論也不爭辯，甚至聽了反革命分子的話也不報告，泰然處之，行若無事。這是第六種。見群衆不宣傳，不鼓動，不演說，不調查，不詢問，不關心其痛癢，漠然置之，忘記了自己是一個共產黨員，把一個共產黨員混同於一個普通的老百姓。這是第七種。見損害群衆利益的行為不憤恨，不勸告，不制止，不解釋，聽之任之。這是第八種。辦事不認真，無一定計劃，無一定方向，敷衍了事，得過且過，做一天和尚撞一天鐘。這是第九種。自以為對革命有功，擺老資格，大事做不來，小事又不做，工作隨便，學習鬆懈。這是第十種。自己錯了，也已經懂得，又不想改正，自己對自己採取自由主義。這是第十一種。

Liberalism manifests itself in various ways: To let things slide for the sake of peace and friendship when a person has clearly gone wrong, and refrain from principled argument because he is an old acquaintance, a fellow townsman, a schoolmate, a close friend, a loved one, an old colleague or old subordinate. Or to touch on the matter lightly instead of going into it thoroughly, so as to keep on good terms. The result is that both the organization and the individual are harmed. This is one type of liberalism. To indulge in irresponsible criticism in private instead of actively putting forward one's suggestions to the organization. To say nothing to people to their faces but to gossip behind their backs, or to say nothing at a meeting but to gossip afterwards. To show no regard at all for the principles of collective life but to follow one's own inclination. This is a second type. To let things drift if they do not affect one personally; to say as little as possible while knowing perfectly well what is wrong, to be worldly wise and play safe and seek only to avoid blame. This is a third type. Not to obey orders but to give pride of place to one's own opinions. To demand special consideration from the organization but to reject its discipline. This is a fourth type. To indulge in personal attacks, pick quarrels, vent personal spite or seek revenge instead of entering into an argument and struggling against incorrect views for the sake of unity or progress or getting the work done properly. This is a fifth type. To hear incorrect views without rebutting them and even to hear counterrevolutionary remarks without reporting them, but instead to take them calmly as if nothing had happened. This is a sixth type. To be among the masses and fail to conduct propaganda and agitation or speak at meetings or conduct investigations and inquiries among them, and instead to be indifferent to them and show no concern for their well-being, forgetting that one is a Communist and behaving as if one were an ordinary non-Communist. This is a seventh type. To see someone harming the interests of the masses and yet not feel indignant, or dissuade or stop him or reason with him, but to allow him to continue. This is an eighth type. To work half-heartedly without a definite plan or direction; to work perfunctorily and muddle along - "So long as one remains a monk, one goes on tolling the bell." This is a ninth type. To regard oneself as having rendered great service to the revolution, to pride oneself on being a veteran, to disdain minor assignments while being quite unequal to major tasks, to be slipshod in work and slack in study. This is a tenth type. To be aware of one's own mistakes and yet make no attempt to correct them, taking a liberal attitude towards oneself. This is an eleventh type."Combat Liberalism" (September 7, 1937), Selected Works, Vol. II, pp. 31-32.

出處：《反對自由主義》（一九三七年九月七日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第三四七——三四八頁

反對自由主義：一九三七年九月，列舉黨內十一種自由主義表現。

革命的集體組織中的自由主義是十分有害的。它是一種腐蝕劑，使團結渙散，關係鬆懈，工作消極，意見分歧。它使革命隊伍失掉嚴密的組織和紀律，政策不能貫徹到底，黨的組織和黨所領導的群衆發生隔離。這是一種嚴重的惡劣傾向。

Liberalism is extreme]y harmful in a revolutionary collective. It is a corrosive which eats away unity, undermines cohesion, causes apathy and creates dissension. It robs the revolutionary ranks of compact organization and strict discipline, prevents policies from being carried through and alienates the Party organizations from the masses which the Party leads. It is an extremely bad tendency.Ibid., p. 32.

出處：《反對自由主義》（一九三七年九月七日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第三四八頁

反對自由主義：一九三七年九月，列舉黨內十一種自由主義表現。

自由主義者以抽象的教條看待馬克思主義的原則。他們贊成馬克思主義，但是不準備實行之，或不準備完全實行之，不準備拿馬克思主義代替自己的自由主義。這些人，馬克思主義是有的，自由主義也是有的：說的是馬克思主義，行的是自由主義；對人是馬克思主義，對己是自由主義。兩樣貨色齊備，各有各的用處。這是一部分人的思想方法。

People who are liberals look upon the principles of Marxism as abstract dogma. They approve of Marxism, but are not prepared to practise it or to practise it in full; they are not prepared to replace their liberalism by Marxism. These people have their Marxism, but they have their liberalism as well - they talk Marxism but practise liberalism; they apply Marxism to others but liberalism to themselves. They keep both kinds of goods in stock and find a use for each. This is how the minds of certain people work.Ibid., pp. 32-33 The people's state protects the people.

出處：《反對自由主義》（一九三七年九月七日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第三四九頁

反對自由主義：一九三七年九月，列舉黨內十一種自由主義表現。

人民的國家是保護人民的。有了人民的國家，人民才有可能在全國範圍內和全體規模上，用民主的方法，教育自己和改造自己，使自己脫離內外反動派的影響（這個影響現在還是很大的，並將在長時期內存在著，不能很快地消滅），改造自己從舊社會得來的壞習慣和壞思想，不使自己走入反動派指引的錯誤路上去，並繼續前進，向著社會主義社會和共產主義社會前進。

Only when the people have such a state can they educate and remould themselves by democratic methods on a country-wide scale, with everyone taking part, and shake off the influence of domestic and foreign reactionaries (which is still very strong, will survive for a long time and cannot be quickly destroyed), rid themselves of the bad habits and ideas acquired in the old society, not allow themselves to be led astray by the reactionaries, and continue to advance - to advance towards a socialist and communist society."On the People's Democratic Dictatorship" (June 30, 1949), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 418.*

出處：《論人民民主專政》（一九四九年六人三十日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一四八一頁

論人民民主專政：一九四九年六月，建國前夕對國家性質的闡述。