勤儉建國

要使全體幹部和全體人民經常想到我國是一個社會主義的大國，但又是一個經濟落後的窮國，這是一個很大的矛盾。要使我國富強起來，需要幾十年艱苦奮鬥的時間，其中包括執行厲行節約、反對浪費這樣一個勤儉建國的方針。

We must see to it that all our cadres and all our people constantly bear in mind that ours is a big socialist country but an economically backward and poor one, and that this is a very great contradiction. To make China rich and strong needs several decades of intense effort, which will include, among other things, the effort to practise strict economy and combat waste, i.e., the policy of building up our country through diligence and frugality.On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (February 27, 1957), 1st pocket ed., p. 71.

出處：《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》（一九五七年二月二十七日），人民出版社版第三六頁

關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題：一九五七年二月的講話，是本書第四章的直接來源，提出區分兩類矛盾。

勤儉辦工廠，勤儉辦商店，勤儉辦一切國營事業和合作事業，勤儉辦一切其他事業，什麼事情都應當執行勤儉的原則。這就是節約的原則，節約是社會主義經濟的基本原則之一。中國是一個大國，但是現在還很窮，要使中國富起來，需要幾十年時間，幾十年以後也需要執行勤儉的原則，但是特別要提倡勤儉，特別要注意節約的，是在目前這幾十年內，是在目前這幾個五年計劃的時期內。

Diligence and frugality should be practised in running factories and shops and all state-owned, co-operative and other enterprises. The principle of diligence and frugality should be observed in everything. This principle of economy is one of the basic principles of socialist economics. China is a big country, but she is still very poor. It will take several decades to make China prosperous. Even then we will still have to observe the principle of diligence and frugality. But it is in the coming few decades, during the present series of five-year plans, that we must particularly advocate diligence and frugality, that we must pay special attention to economy. Introductory note to"Running a Co-operative Diligently and Frugally" (1955), The Socialist Upsurge in China's Countryside, Chinese ed., Vol. I.

出處：《勤儉辦社》一文的按語（一九五五年），《中國農村的社會主義高潮》上冊第一六頁

中國農村的社會主義高潮：一九五五年編的一部資料集，收各地合作化材料並加按語。

任何地方必須十分愛惜人力物力，決不可只顧一時，濫用浪費。任何地方必須從開始工作的那一年起，就計算到將來的很多年，計算到長期堅持戰爭，計算到反攻，計算到趕走敵人之後的建設。一面決不濫用浪費，一面努力發展生產。過去有些地方缺少長期打算，既未注意節省人力物力，又未注意發展生產，吃了大虧。得了這個教訓，現在必須引起注意。

Wherever we happen to be, we must treasure our manpower and material resources, and must not take a short view and indulge in wastefulness and extravagance. Wherever we are, from the very first year of our work we must bear in mind the many years to come, the protracted war that must be maintained, the counter-offensive, and the work of reconstruction after the enemy's expulsion. On the one hand, never be wasteful or extravagant; on the other, actively expand production. Previously, in some places people suffered a great deal because they did not take the long view and neglected economy in manpower and material resources and the expansion of production. The lesson is there and attention must be called to it."We Must Learn to Do Economic Work" (January 10, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 244.

出處：《必須學會做經濟工作》（一九四五年一月十日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零一九頁

必須學會做經濟工作：一九四五年一月，講根據地的經濟自給。

為了迅速地恢復和發展農業生產和市鎮上的工業生產，在消滅封建制度的鬥爭中，必須注意盡一切努力最大限度地保存一切可用的生產資料和生活資料，採取辦法堅決地反對任何人對於生產資料和生活資料的破壞和浪費，反對大吃大喝，注意節約。

In order to speed up this restoration and development [of agricultural production and industrial production in small towns], we must do our utmost, in the course of our struggle for the abolition of the feudal system, to preserve all useful means of production and of livelihood, take resolute measures against anyone's destroying or wasting them, oppose extravagant eating and drinking and pay attention to thrift and economy."Speech at a Conference of Cadres in the Shansi-Suiyuan Liberated Area" (April 1, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 238.

出處：《在晉綏幹部會議上的講話》（一九四八年四月一日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一四頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

財政的支出，應該根據節省的方針。應該使一切政府工作人員明白，貪污和浪費是極大的犯罪。反對貪污和浪費的鬥爭，過去有了些成績，以後還應用力。節省每一個銅板為著戰爭和革命事業，為著我們的經濟建設，是我們的會計制度的原則。

Thrift should be the guiding principle in our government expenditure. It should be made clear to all government workers that corruption and waste are very great crimes. Our campaigns against corruption and waste have already achieved some results, but further efforts are required. Our system of accounting must be guided by the principle of saving every copper for the war effort, for the revolutionary cause and for our economic construction."Our Economic Policy" (January 23, 1934), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 145.

出處：《我們的經濟政策》（一九三四年一月二十三日），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第一二九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

在我們的許多工作人員中間，現在滋長著一種不願意和群衆同甘苦，喜歡計較個人名利的危險傾向，這是很不好的。我們在增產節約運動中要求精簡機關，下放幹部，使相當大的一批幹部回到生產中去，就是克服這種危險傾向的一個方法。

A dangerous tendency has shown itself of late among many of our personnel - an unwillingness to share the joys and hardships of the masses, a concern for personal fame and gain. This is very bad. One way of overcoming it is to simplify our organizations in the course of our campaign to increase production and practise economy, and to transfer cadres to lower levels so that a considerable number will return to productive work.On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (February 27, 1957), 1st pocket ed., p 71.

出處：《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》（一九五七年二月二十七日），人民出版社版第三六頁

關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題：一九五七年二月的講話，是本書第四章的直接來源，提出區分兩類矛盾。

軍隊生產自給，不但改善了生活，減輕了人民負擔，並因而能夠擴大軍隊，而且立即帶來了許多副產物。這些副產物就是：（一）改善官兵關係。官兵一道生產勞動，親如兄弟了。（二）增強勞動觀念。……生產自給以來，勞動觀念加強了，二流子的習氣被改造了。（三）增強紀律性。在生產中執行勞動紀律，不但不會減弱戰鬥紀律和軍人生活紀律，反而會增強它們。（四）改善軍民關係。部隊有了家務，侵害老百姓財物的事就少了，或者完全沒有了。在生產中，軍民變工互助，更增強他們之間的友好關係。（五）軍隊埋怨政府的事也會少了，軍政關係也好了。（六）促進人民的大生產運動。軍隊生產了，機關生產更顯得必要，更有勁了；全體人民的普遍增產運動，當然也更顯得必要，更有勁了。

Production by the army for its own support has not only improved the army's living conditions and lightened the burden on the people, thereby making it possible further to expand the army. In addition, it has had many immediate side-effects. They are as follows: 1. Improved relations between officers and men. Officers and men work together in production and become like brothers. 2. Better attitude to labour… since the army began to produce for its own support, the attitude to labour has improved and loafer ways have been overcome. 3. Strengthened discipline. Far from weakening discipline in battle and in army life, labour discipline in production actually strengthens it. 4. Improved relations between the army and the people. Once an armed force begins to "keep house" for itself, encroachments upon the property of the people seldom or never occur. As the army and the people exchange labour and help each other in production, the friendship between them is strengthened. 5. Less grumbling in the army about the government and improved relations between the two. 6. An impetus to the great production campaign of the people. Once the army engages in production, the need for government and other organizations to do likewise becomes more obvious, and they do so more energetically; also, the need for a universal campaign of the whole people to increase production naturally becomes more obvious, and this too is carried on more energetically."On Production by the Army for Its Own Support and on the Importance of the Great Movements for Rectification and for Production" (April 27, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 327-28.*

出處：《論軍隊生產自給，兼論整風和生產兩大運動的重要性》（一九四五年四月二十七日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一一零七頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

有人說：部隊生產，就不能作戰和訓練了；機關生產，就不能工作了。這種說法是不對的。最近幾年，我們邊區部隊從事大量的生產，衣食豐足，同時又進行練兵，又有政治和文化學習，這些都比從前有更大的成績，軍隊內部的團結和軍民之間的團結，也比從前更好了。在前方，去年一年進行了大規模的生產運動，可是去年一年作戰方面有很大的成績，並且普遍地開始了練兵運動。機關因為生產，工作人員生活改善了，工作更安心、更有效率，邊區和前方都是這樣。

Some people say that if the army units go in for production, they will be unable to train or fight and that if the government and other organizations do so, they will be unable to do their own work. This is a false argument. In recent years our army units in the Border Region have undertaken production on a big scale to provide themselves with ample food and clothing and have simultaneously done their training and conducted their political studies and literacy and other courses much more successfully than before, and there is greater unity than ever within the army and between the army and the people. While there was a large-scale production campaign at the front last year, great successes were gained in the fighting and in addition an extensive training campaign was started. And thanks to production, the personnel of the government and other organizations live a better life and work with greater devotion and efficiency; this is the case both in the Border Region and at the front."We Must Learn to Do Economic Work" (January 10, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 243-44.

出處：《必須學會做經濟工作》（一九四五年一月十日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零一八頁

必須學會做經濟工作：一九四五年一月，講根據地的經濟自給。