群衆路線

人民、只有人民，才是創造世界歷史的動力。

The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 257.*

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零三一頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

群衆是真正的英雄，而我們自己則往往是幼稚可笑的，不瞭解這一點，就不能得到起碼的知識。

The masses are the real heroes, while we ourselves are often childish and ignorant, and without this understanding it is impossible to acquire even the most rudimentary knowledge."Preface and Postscript to Rural Surveys" (March and April 1941), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 12.*

出處：《「農村調查」的序言和跋》（一九四一年三月、四月），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第七九零頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

人民群衆有無限的創造力。他們可以組織起來，向一切可以發揮自己力量的地方和部門進軍，向生產的深度和廣度進軍，替自己創造日益增多的福利事業。

The masses have boundless creative power. They can organize themselves and concentrate on places and branches of work where they can give full play to their energy; they can concentrate on production in breadth and depth and create more and more undertakings for their own well-being. Introductory note to"Surplus Labour Has Found a Way Out" (1955), The Socialist Upsurge in China's Countryside, Chinese ed., Vol. II.

出處：《多餘勞動力找到了出路》一文的按語（一九五五年），《中國農村的社會主義高潮》中冊第五七八頁

中國農村的社會主義高潮：一九五五年編的一部資料集，收各地合作化材料並加按語。

目前農民運動的興起是一個極大的問題。很短的時間內，將有幾萬萬農民從中國中部、南部和北部各省起來，其勢如暴風驟雨，迅猛異常，無論什麼大的力量都將壓抑不住。他們將沖決一切束縛他們的羅網，朝著解放的路上迅跑。一切帝國主義、軍閥、貪官污吏、土豪劣紳，都將被他們葬入墳墓。一切革命的黨派、革命的同志，都將在他們面前受他們的檢驗而決定棄取。站在他們的前頭領導他們呢？還是站在他們的後頭指手畫腳地批評他們呢？還是站在他們的對面反對他們呢？每個中國人對於這三項都有選擇的自由，不過時局將強迫你迅速地選擇罷了。

The present upsurge of the peasant movement is a colossal event. In a very short time, in China 's central, southern and northern provinces, several hundred million peasants will rise like a mighty storm, like a hurricane, a force so swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to hold it back. They will smash all the trammels that bind them and rush forward along the road to liberation. They will sweep all the imperialists, warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry into their graves. Every revolutionary party and every revolutionary comrade will be put to the test, to be accepted or rejected as they decide. There are three alternatives. To march at their head and lead them? To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? Or to stand in their way and oppose them? Every Chinese is free to choose, but events will force you to make the choice quickly."Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan " (March 1927), Selected Works, Vol. I, pp. 23-24.*

出處：《湖南農民運動考察報告》（一九二七年三月），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第一三——一四頁

湖南農民運動考察報告：一九二七年三月，三十二天的實地考察報告，是本書調查研究與群眾觀點的早期來源。

目前農村中合作化的社會改革的高潮，有些地方已經到來，全國也即將到來。這是五億多農村人口的大規模的社會主義的革命運動，帶有極其偉大的世界意義。我們應當積極地熱情地有計劃地去領導這個運動，而不是用各種辦法去拉它向後退。運動中免不了要出些偏差，這是可以理解的，也是不難糾正的。幹部中和農民中存在的缺點或錯誤，只要我們積極地去幫助他們，就會克服或糾正。

The high tide of social transformation in the countryside, the high tide of co- operation, has already reached some places and will soon sweep over the whole country. It is a vast socialist revolutionary movement involving a rural population of more than 500 million, and it has extremely great and worldwide significance. We should give this movement active, enthusiastic and systematic leadership, and not drag it back by one means or another. Some errors are unavoidable in the process; this is understandable, and they will not be hard to correct. Shortcomings or mistakes found among the cadres and the peasants can be remedied or overcome provided we give them positive help.On the Question of Agricultural Co-operation (July 31, 1955), 3rd ed., p. 1.*

出處：《關於農業合作化問題》（一九五五年七月三十日），人民出版社版第一——第二頁

關於農業合作化問題：一九五五年七月，講農業合作化的步驟與爭論。

群衆中蘊藏了一種極大的社會主義的積極性。那些在革命時期還只會按照常規走路的人們，對於這種積極性一概看不見。他們是瞎子，在他們面前出現的只是一片黑暗。他們有時簡直要鬧到顛倒是非、混淆黑白的程度。這種人難道我們遇見得還少嗎？這些只會循著常規走路的人們，老是對於人民的積極性估計過低。一種新事物出現，他們總是不贊成，首先反對一氣。隨後就是認輸，做一點自我批評。第二種新事物出現，他們又按照這兩種態度循環一遍。以後各種新事物出現，都按照這個格式處理。這種人老是被動，在緊要的關頭老是止步不前，老是需要別人在他的背上擊一猛掌，才肯向前跨進一步。

The masses have a potentially inexhaustible enthusiasm for socialism. Those who can only follow the old routine in a revolutionary period are utterly incapable of seeing this enthusiasm. They are blind and all is dark ahead of them. At times they go so far as to confound right and wrong and turn things upside down. Haven't we come across enough persons of this type? Those who simply follow the old routine invariably underestimate the people's enthusiasm. Let something new appear and they always disapprove and rush to oppose it. Afterwards, they have to admit defeat and do a little selfcriticism. But the next time something new appears, they go through the same process all over again. This is their pattern of behaviour in regard to anything and everything new. Such people are always passive, always fail to move forward at the critical moment, and always have to be given a shove in the back before they move a step. Introductory note to"This Township Went Co-operative in Two Years" (1955), The Socialist Upsurge in China's Countryside, Chinese ed., Vol. II.

出處：《這個鄉兩年就合作化了》一文的按語（一九五五年），《中國農村的社會主義高潮》中冊第五八七——五八八頁

中國農村的社會主義高潮：一九五五年編的一部資料集，收各地合作化材料並加按語。

我黨二十幾年來，天天做群衆工作，近十幾年來，天天講群衆路線。我們歷來主張革命要依靠人民群衆，大家動手，反對只依靠少數人發號施令。但是在有些同志的工作中間，群衆路線仍然不能貫徹，他們還是隻靠少數人冷冷清清地做工作。其原因之一，就是他們做一件事情，總不願意向被領導的人講清楚，不懂得發揮被領導者的積極性和創造力。他們主觀上也要大家動手動腳去做，但是不讓大家知道要做的是怎麼一回事，應當怎樣做法，這樣，大家怎麼能動起來，事情怎麼能夠辦好？要解決這個問題，根本上當然要從思想上進行群衆路線的教育，同時也要教給同志們許多具體辦法。

For over twenty years our Party has carried on mass work every day, and for the past dozen years it has talked about the mass line every day. We have always maintained that the revolution must rely on the masses of the people, on everybody's taking a hand, and have opposed relying merely on a few persons issuing orders. The mass line, however, is still not being thoroughly carried out in the work of some comrades; they still rely solely on a handful of people working in solitude. One reason is that, whatever they do, they are always reluctant to explain it to the people they lead and that they do not understand why or how to give play to the initiative and creative energy of those they lead. Subjectively, they too want everyone to take a hand in the work, but they do not let other people know what is to be done or how to do it. That being the case, how can everyone be expected to get moving and how can anything be done well? To solve this problem the basic thing is, of course, to carry out ideological education on the mass line, but at the same time we must teach these comrades many concrete methods of work."A Talk to the Editorial Staff of the Shansi-Suiyuan Daily" (April 2, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, pp. 241-42.*

出處：《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》（一九四八年四月二日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一七——一三一八頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

二十四年的經驗告訴我們，凡屬正確的任務、政策和工作作風，都是和當時當地的群衆要求相適合，都是聯繫群衆的；凡屬錯誤的任務、政策和工作作風，都是和當時當地的群衆要求不相適合，都是脫離群衆的。教條主義、經驗主義、命令主義、尾巴主義、宗派主義、官僚主義、驕傲自大的工作態度等項弊病之所以一定不好，一定要不得，如果什麼人有了這類弊病一定要改正，就是因為它們脫離群衆。

Twenty-four years of experience tell us that the right task, policy and style of work invariably conform with the demands of the masses at a given time and place and invariably strengthen our ties with the masses, and the wrong task, policy and style of work invariably disagree with the demands of the masses at a given time and place and invariably alienate us from the masses. The reason why such evils as dogmatism, empiricism, commandism, tailism, sectarianism, bureaucracy and an arrogant attitude in work are definitely harmful and intolerable, and why anyone suffering from these maladies must overcome them, is that they alienate us from the masses."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 315.

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零九六頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

要聯繫群衆，就要按照群衆的需要和自願。一切為群衆的工作都要從群衆的需要出發，而不是從任何良好的個人願望出發。有許多時候，群衆在客觀上雖然有了某種改革的需要，但在他們的主觀上還沒有這種覺悟，群衆還沒有決心，還不願實行改革，我們就要耐心地等待；直到經過我們的工作，群衆的多數有了覺悟，有了決心，自願實行改革，才去實行這種改革，否則就會脫離群衆。凡是需要群衆參加的工作，如果沒有群衆的自覺和自願，就會流於徒有形式而失敗。……這裡是兩條原則：一條是群衆的實際上的需要，而不是我們腦子裡頭幻想出來的需要；一條是群衆的自願，由群衆自己下決心，而不是由我們代替群衆下決心。

To link oneself with the masses, one must act in accordance with the needs and wishes of the masses. All work done for the masses must start from their needs and not from the desire of any individual, however well-intentioned. It often happens that objectively the masses need a certain change, but subjectively they are not yet conscious of the need, not yet willing or determined to make the change. In such cases, we should wait patiently. We should not make the change until, through our work, most of the masses have become conscious of the need and are willing and determined to carry it out. Otherwise we shall isolate ourselves from the masses. Unless they are conscious and willing, any kind of work that requires their participation will turn out to be a mere formality and will fail… There are two principles here: one is the actual needs of the masses rather than what we fancy they need, and the other is the wishes of the masses, who must make up their own minds instead of our making up their minds for them."The United Front in Cultural Work" (October 30, 1944), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 236-37.*

出處：《文化工作中的統一戰線》（一九四四年十月三十日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零一零——一零一一頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

我們的代表大會應該號召全黨提起警覺，注意每一個工作環節上的每一個同志，不要讓他脫離群衆。教育每一個同志熱愛人民群衆，細心地傾聽群衆的呼聲；每到一地，就和那裡的群衆打成一片，不是高踞於群衆之上，而是深入於群衆之中；根據群衆的覺悟程度，去啟發和提高群衆的覺悟，在群衆出於內心自願的原則之下，幫助群衆逐步地組織起來，逐步地展開為當時當地內外環境所許可的一切必要的鬥爭。

Our congress should call upon the whole Party to be vigilant and to see that no comrade at any post is divorced from the masses. It should teach every comrade to love the people and listen attentively to the voice of the masses; to identify himself with the masses wherever he goes and, instead of standing above them, to immerse himself among them; and, according to their present level, to awaken them or raise their political consciousness and help them gradually to organize themselves voluntarily and to set going all essential struggles permitted by the internal and external circumstances of the given time and place."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 315-16.

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零九六頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

當著群衆還不覺悟的時候，我們要進攻，那是冒險主義。群衆不願乾的事，我們硬要領導他們去幹，其結果必然失敗。當著群衆要求前進的時候，我們不前進，那是右傾機會主義。

If we tried to go on the offensive when the masses are not yet awakened, that would be adventurism. If we insisted on leading the masses to do anything against their will, we would certainly fail. If we did not advance when the masses demand advance, that would be Right opportunism."A Talk to the Editorial Staff of the Shansi-Suiyuan Daily" (April 2, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 243.

出處：《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》（一九四八年四月二日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

在一切工作中，命令主義是錯誤的，因為它超過群衆的覺悟程度，違反了群衆的自願原則，害了急性病。我們的同志不要以為自己瞭解了的東西，廣大群衆也和自己一樣都瞭解了。群衆是否已經瞭解並且是否願意行動起來，要到群衆中去考察才會知道。如果我們這樣做，就可以避免命令主義。在一切工作中，尾巴主義也是錯誤的，因為它落後於群衆的覺悟程度，違反了領導群衆前進一步的原則，害了慢性病。我們的同志不要以為自己還不瞭解的東西，群衆也一概不瞭解。許多時候，廣大群衆跑到我們的前頭去了，迫切地需要前進一步了，我們的同志不能做廣大群衆的領導者，卻反映了一部分落後分子的意見，並且將這種落後分子的意見誤認為廣大群衆的意見，做了落後分子的尾巴。

Commandism is wrong in any type of work, because in overstepping the level of political consciousness of the masses and violating the principle of voluntary mass action it reflects the disease of impetuosity. Our comrades must not assume that everything they themselves understand is understood by the masses. Whether the masses understand it and are ready to take action can be discovered only by going into their midst and making investigations. If we do so, we can avoid commandism. Tailism in any type of work is also wrong, because in falling below the level of political consciousness of the masses and violating the principle of leading the masses forward it reflects the disease of dilatoriness. Our comrades must not assume that the masses have no understanding of what they themselves do not yet understand. It often happens that the masses outstrip us and are eager to advance a step and that nevertheless our comrades fail to act as leaders of the masses and tail behind certain backward elements, reflecting their views and, moreover, mistaking them for those of the broad masses."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 316.*

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零九六——一零九七頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

從群衆中集中起來又到群衆中堅持下去，以形成正確的領導意見，這是基本的領導方法。

出處：《關於領導方法的若干問題》（一九四三年六月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九零二頁

關於領導方法的若干問題：一九四三年六月，系統闡述「從群眾中來，到群眾中去」。

在我黨的一切實際工作中，凡屬正確的領導，必須是從群衆中來，到群衆中去。這就是說，將群衆的意見（分散的無系統的意見）集中起來（經過研究，化為集中的系統的意見），又到群衆中去作宣傳解釋，化為群衆的意見，使群衆堅持下去，見之於行動，並在群衆行動中考驗這些意見是否正確。然後再從群衆中集中起來，再到群衆中堅持下去。如此無限循環，一次比一次的更正確、更生動、更豐富。這就是馬克思主義的認識論。

Take the ideas of the masses and concentrate them, then go to the masses, persevere in the ideas and carry them through, so as to form correct ideas of leadership - such is the basic method of leadership."Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership" (June 1, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 120.

出處：《關於領導方法的若干問題》（一九四三年六月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九零一頁

關於領導方法的若干問題：一九四三年六月，系統闡述「從群眾中來，到群眾中去」。

我們應該走到群衆中間去，向群衆學習，把他們的經驗綜合起來，成為更好的有條理的道理和辦法，然後再告訴群衆（宣傳），並號召群衆實行起來，解決群衆的問題，使群衆得到解放和幸福。

We should go to the masses and learn from them, synthesize their experience into better, articulated principles and methods, then do propaganda among the masses, and call upon them to put these principles and methods into practice so as to solve their problems and help them achieve liberation and happiness."Get Organized!" (November 29, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 158.

出處：《組織起來》（一九四三年十一月二十九日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九三六頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

在我們一些地方的領導機關中，有的人認為，黨的政策只要領導人知道就行，不需要讓群衆知道。這是我們的有些工作不能做好的基本原因之一。

There are people in our leading organs in some places who think that it is enough for the leaders alone to know the Party's policies and that there is no need to let the masses know them. This is one of the basic reasons why some of our work cannot be done well."A Talk to the Editorial Staff of the Shansi-Suiyuan Daily" (April 2, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 241.

出處：《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》（一九四八年四月二日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一七頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

在任何群衆運動中，群衆積極擁護的有多少，反對的有多少，處於中間狀態的有多少，這些都必須有個基本的調查，基本的分析，不可無根據地、主觀地決定問題。

In all mass movements we must make a basic investigation and analysis of the number of active supporters, opponents and neutrals and must not decide problems subjectively and without basis."Methods of Work of Party Committees" (March 13, 1949), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 380.

出處：《黨委會的工作方法》（一九四九年三月十三日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一四四四頁

黨委會的工作方法：一九四九年三月，十二條工作方法，是第十章多條語錄的直接來源。

任何有群衆的地方，大致都有比較積極的、中間狀態的和比較落後的三部分人。故領導者必須善於團結少數積極分子作為領導的骨幹，並憑藉這批骨幹去提高中間分子，爭取落後分子。

The masses in any given place are generally composed of three parts, the relatively active, the intermediate and the relatively backward. The leaders must therefore be skilled in uniting the small number of active elements around the leadership and must rely on them to raise the level of the intermediate elements and to win over the backward elements."Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership" (June 1, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 118.

出處：《關於領導方法的若干問題》（一九四三年六月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九零零頁

關於領導方法的若干問題：一九四三年六月，系統闡述「從群眾中來，到群眾中去」。

善於把黨的政策變為群衆的行動，善於使我們的每一個運動，每一個鬥爭，不但領導幹部懂得，而且廣大的群衆都能懂得，都能掌握，這是一項馬克思列寧主義的領導藝術。我們的工作犯不犯錯誤，其界限也在這裡。

To be good at translating the Party's policy into action of the masses, to be good at getting not only the leading cadres but also the broad masses to understand and master every movement and every struggle we launch - this is an art of Marxist-Leninist leadership. It is also the dividing line that determines whether or not we make mistakes in our work."A Talk to the Editorial Staff of the Shansi-Suiyuan Daily" (April 2, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, pp 242-43.

出處：《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》（一九四八年四月二日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一八——一三一九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

只有領導骨幹的積極性，而無廣大群衆的積極性相結合，便將成為少數人的空忙。但如果只有廣大群衆的積極性，而無有力的領導骨幹去恰當地組織群衆的積極性，則群衆積極性既不可能持久，也不可能走向正確的方向和提到高級的程度。

出處：《關於領導方法的若干問題》（一九四三年六月一日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九零零零頁

關於領導方法的若干問題：一九四三年六月，系統闡述「從群眾中來，到群眾中去」。

群衆生產，群衆利益，群衆經驗，群衆情緒，這些都是領導幹部們應時刻注意的。

However active the leading group may be, its activity will amount to fruitless effort by a handful of people unless combined with the activity of the masses. On the other hand, if the masses alone are active without a strong leading group to organize their activity properly, such activity cannot be sustained for long, or carried forward in the right direction, or raised to a high level."Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership" (June 1, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 118.

出處：為中直軍直生產展覽會題詞，一九四三年十一月二十四日延安《解放日報》

我們應該深刻地注意群衆生活的問題，從土地、勞動問題，到柴米油鹽問題。……一切這些群衆生活上的問題，都應該把它提到自己的議事日程上。應該討論，應該決定，應該實行，應該檢查。要使廣大群衆認識我們是代表他們的利益的，是和他們呼吸相通的。要使他們從這些事情出發，瞭解我們提出來的更高的任務，革命戰爭的任務、擁護革命，把革命推到全國去，接受我們的政治號召，為革命的勝利鬥爭到底。

Production by the masses, the interests of the masses, the experiences and feelings of the masses - to these the leading cadres should pay constant attention. Inscription for a production exhibition sponsored by organizations directly under the Central Committee of the Party and the General Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, Liberation Daily of Yenan, November 24, 1943. We should pay close attention to the well-being of the masses, from the problems of land and labour to those of fuel, rice, cooking oil and salt… All such problems concerning the well-being of the masses should be placed on our agenda. We should discuss them, adopt and carry out decisions and check up on the results. We should help the masses to realize that we represent their interests, that our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. We should help them to proceed from these things to an understanding of the higher tasks which we have put forward, the tasks of the revolutionary war, so that they will support the revolution and spread it throughout the country, respond to our political appeals and fight to the end for victory in the revolution."Be Concerned with the Well-Being of the Masses, Pay Attention to Methods of Work" (January 27, 1934), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 149.*

出處：《關心群衆生活，注意工作方法》（一九三四年一月二十七日），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第一三三頁

關心群衆生活，注意工作方法：一九三四年一月，講具體工作方法與群眾生活。