政治工作

那時（指一九二四——一九二七年第一次國內革命戰爭時期——編者）軍隊設立了黨代表和政治部，這種制度是中國歷史上沒有的，靠了這種制度使軍隊一新其面目。一九二七年以後的紅軍以至今日的八路軍，是繼承了這種制度而加以發展的。

出處：《和英國記者貝特蘭的談話》（一九五七年十月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第三七零頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

在人民戰爭的基礎上，在軍隊和人民團結一致、指揮員和戰鬥員團結一致以及瓦解敵軍等項原則的基礎上，人民解放軍建立了自己的強有力的革命的政治工作，這是我們戰勝敵人的重大因素。

The People's Liberation Army has developed its vigorous revolutionary political work, which is an important factor in winning victory over the enemy, on the basis of a people's war and of the principles of unity between army and people, of unity between commanders and fighters and of disintegrating the enemy troops."The Present Situation and Our Tasks" (December 25, 1947), Selected Military Writings, 2nd ed., p. 350.

出處：《目前形勢和我們的任務》（一九四七年十二月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一二四八頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

這個軍隊形成了為人民戰爭所必需的一系列的政治工作，其任務是為團結我軍，團結友軍，團結人民，瓦解敵軍和保證戰鬥勝利而鬥爭。

This army has built up a system of political work which is essential for the people's war and is aimed at promoting unity in its own ranks, unity with the friendly armies and unity with the people, and at disintegrating the enemy forces and ensuring victory in battle."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 265.*

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），（毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零四零頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

政治工作是一切經濟工作的生命線。在社會經濟制度發生根本變革的時期，尤其是這樣。

Political work is the life-blood of all economic work. This is particularly true at a time when the social and economic system is undergoing fundamental change. Introductory note to"A Serious Lesson" (1955), The Socialist Upsurge in China's Countryside, Chinese ed., Vol. I.

出處：《嚴重的教訓》一文的按語（一九五五年），《中國農村的社會主義高潮》上冊第一二三頁

中國農村的社會主義高潮：一九五五年編的一部資料集，收各地合作化材料並加按語。

紅軍所以艱難奮戰而不潰散，「支部建在連上」是一個重要原因。

出處：《井岡山的鬥爭》（一九二八年十一月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第六八頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

八路軍的政治工作的基本原則有三個，即：第一、官兵一致的原則，這就是在軍隊中肅清封建主義，廢除打罵制度，建立自覺紀律，實行同甘共苦的生活，因此全軍是團結一致的。第二、軍民一致的原則，這就是秋毫無犯的民衆紀律，宣傳、組織和武裝民衆，減輕民衆的經濟負擔，打擊危害軍民的漢奸賣國賊，因此軍民團結一致，到處得到人民的歡迎。第三、瓦解敵軍和寬待俘虜的原則。我們的勝利不但是依靠我軍的作戰，而且依靠敵軍的瓦解。

The political work of the Eighth Route Army is guided by three basic principles. First, the principle of unity between officers and men, which means eradicating feudal practices in the army, prohibiting beating and abuse, building up a conscious discipline, and sharing weal and woe - as a result of which the entire army is closely united. Second, the principle of unity between the army and the people, which means maintaining a discipline that forbids the slightest violation of the people's interests, conducting propaganda among the masses, organizing and arming them, lightening their economic burdens and suppressing the traitors and collaborators who do harm to the army and the people - as a result of which the army is closely united with the people and welcomed everywhere. Third, the principle of disintegrating the enemy troops and giving lenient treatment to prisoners of war. Our victory depends not only upon our military operations but also upon the disintegration of the enemy troops."Interview with the British Journalist James Bertram" (October 25, 1937), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 53.*

出處：《和英國記者貝特蘭的談話》（一九三七年十月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第三六九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

我們的軍隊必須在軍民關係上、軍政關係上、軍黨關係上、官兵關係上、軍事工作和政治工作關係上、幹部相互關係上，遵守正確的原則，決不可犯軍閥主義的毛病。官長必須愛護士兵，不能漠不關心，不能採取肉刑；軍隊必須愛護人民，不能損害人民利益；軍隊必須尊重政府，尊重黨，不能鬧獨立性。

Our troops must observe the correct principles that govern relations between the army and the people, between the army and the government, between the army and the Party, between officers and men, and between military work and political work, and relations among the cadres, and must never commit the errors of warlordism. Officers must cherish their men and must not be indifferent to their well-being or resort to corporal punishment; the army must cherish the people and never encroach upon their interests; the army must respect the government and the Party and never "assert independence"."Get Organized!" (November 29, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 158-59.

出處：《組織起來》（一九四三年十一月二十九日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第九三七頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

對敵軍、僞軍、反共軍的俘虜，除為群衆所痛惡、非殺不可而又經過上級批准的人以外，應一律採取釋放的政策。其中被迫參加、多少帶有革命性的分子，應大批地爭取為我軍服務，其他則一律釋放；如其再來，則再捉再放；不加侮辱，不搜財物，不要自首，一律以誠懇和氣的態度對待之。不論他們如何反動，均取這種政策。這對於孤立反動營壘，是非常有效的。《論政策》（一九四零年十二月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第七六四——七六五頁武器是戰爭的重要的因素，但不是決定的因素，決定的因素是人不是物。力量對比不但是軍力和經濟力的對比，而且是人力和人心的對比。軍力和經濟力是要人去掌握的。

出處：《論持久戰》（一九三八年五月），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第四五九頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

原子彈是美國反動派用來嚇人的一隻紙老虎，看樣子可怕，實際上並不可怕。當然，原子彈是一種大規模屠殺的武器，但是決定戰爭勝敗的是人民，而不是一兩件新式武器。

The atom bomb is a paper tiger which the U.S. reactionaries use to scare people. It looks terrible, but in fact it isn't. Of course, the atom bomb is a weapon of mass slaughter, but the outcome of a war is decided by the people, not by one or two new types of weapon."Talk with the American Correspondent Anna Louise Strong" (August 1946), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 100.

出處：《和美國記者安娜•路易斯•斯特朗的談話》（一九四六年八月），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一一九二頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

軍隊的基礎在士兵，沒有進步的政治精神貫注於軍隊之中，沒有進步的政治工作去執行這種貫注，就不能達到真正的官長和士兵的一致，就不能激發官兵最大限度的抗戰熱忱，一切技術和戰術就不能得著最好的基礎去發揮它們應有的效力。

Soldiers are the foundation of an army; unless they are imbued with a progressive political spirit, and unless such a spirit is fostered through progressive political work, it will be impossible to achieve genuine unity between officers and men, impossible to arouse their enthusiasm for the War of Resistance to the full, and impossible to provide an excellent basis for the most effective use of all our technical equipment and tactics."On Protracted Wat" (May 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 185.*

出處：《論持久戰》（一九三八年五月），《毛澤東選集》第二卷第五零零頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

單純軍事觀點在紅軍一部分同志中非常發展。其表現如：（一）認為軍事政治二者是對立的，不承認軍事只是完成政治任務的工具之一。甚至還有說「軍事好，政治自然會好，軍事不好，政治也不會好」的，則更進一步認為軍事領導政治了。……

The purely military viewpoint is very highly developed among a number of comrades in the Red Army. It manifests itself as follows: 1. These comrades regard military affairs and politics as opposed to each other and refuse to recognize that military affairs are only one means of accomplishing political tasks. Some even say, "If you are good militarily, naturally you are good politically; if you are not good militarily, you cannot be any good politically" - this is to go a step further and give military affairs a leading position over politics. …"On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party" (December 1929), Selected Works, Vol. I, pp. 105-06.

出處：《關於糾正黨內的錯誤思想》（一九二九年十二月），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第八七——八八頁

關於糾正黨內的錯誤思想：一九二九年十二月古田會議決議，是本書第二十四章的核心來源。

掌握思想教育，是團結全黨進行偉大政治鬥爭的中心環節。如果這個任務不解決，黨的一切政治任務是不能完成的。

Ideological education is the key link to be grasped in uniting the whole Party for great political struggles. Unless this is done, the Party cannot accomplish any of its political tasks."On Coalition Government" (April 24, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 315.*

出處：《論聯合政府》（一九四五年四月二十四日），《毛澤東選集》第三卷第一零九五頁

論聯合政府：一九四五年四月中共七大的政治報告，本書許多關於黨與群眾的語錄出自此文。

在知識分子和青年學生中間，最近一個時期，思想政治工作減弱了，出現了一些偏向。在一些人的眼中，好像什麼政治，什麼祖國的前途，人類的理想，都沒有關心的必要。好像馬克思主義行時了一陣，現在就不那麼行時了。針對著這種情況，現在需要加強思想政治工作。不論是知識分子，還是青年學生，都應該努力學習。除了學習專業之外，在思想上要有所進步，政治上也要有所進步，這就需要學習馬克思主義，學習時事政治。沒有正確的政治觀點，就等於沒有靈魂。……思想政治工作，各個部門都要負責任。共產黨應該管，青年團應該管，政府主管部門應該管，學校的校長教師更應該管。

Recently there has been a falling off in ideological and political work among students and intellectuals, and some unhealthy tendencies have appeared. Some people seem to think that there is no longer any need to concern oneself with politics or with the future of the motherland and the ideals of mankind. It seems as if Marxism was once all the rage but is currently not so much in fashion. To counter these tendencies, we must strengthen our ideological and political work. Both students and intellectuals should study hard. In addition to the study of their specialized subjects, they must make progress both ideologically and politically, which means that they should study Marxism, current events and politics. Not to have a correct political point of view is like having no soul… All departments and organizations should shoulder their responsibilities in ideological and political work. This applies to the Communist Party, the Youth League, government departments in charge of this work, and especially to heads of educational institutions and teachers.On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People (February 27, 1957); 1st pocket ed., pp. 43-44.*

出處：《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》（一九五七年二月二十七日），人民出版社版第二二——二三頁

關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題：一九五七年二月的講話，是本書第四章的直接來源，提出區分兩類矛盾。

經過政治教育，紅軍士兵都有了階級覺悟，都有了分配土地、建立政權和武裝工農等項常識，都知道是為了自己和工農階級而作戰。因此，他們能在艱苦的鬥爭中不出怨言。連、營、團都有了士兵會，代表士兵利益，並做政治工作和民衆工作。

After receiving political education, the Red Army soldiers have all become class-conscious and learned the essentials of distributing land, setting up political power, arming the workers and peasants, etc., and they all know they are fighting for themselves, for the working class and the peasantry. Hence they can endure the hardships of the bitter struggle without complaint. Each company, battalion or regiment has its soldiers' committee which represents the interests of the soldiers and carries on political and mass work."The Struggle in the Chingkang Mountains " (November 25, 1928), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 81.*

出處：《井岡山的鬥爭》（一九二八年十一月二十五日），《毛澤東選集》第一卷第六六頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

由於訴苦（訴舊社會和反動派所給予勞動人民之苦）和三查（查階級、查工作、查鬥志）運動的正確進行，大大提高了全軍指戰員為解放被剝削的勞動大衆，為全國的土地改革，為消滅人民公敵蔣介石匪幫而戰的覺悟性；同時就大大加強了全體指戰員在共產黨領導之下的堅強的團結。在這個基礎上，部隊的純潔性提高了，紀律整頓了，群衆性的練兵運動開展了，完全有領導地有秩序地在部隊中進行的政治、經濟、軍事三方面的民主發揚了。這樣就使部隊萬衆一心，大家想辦法，大家出力量，不怕犧牲，克服物質條件的困難，群威群膽，英勇殺敵。這樣的軍隊，將是無敵於天下的。

The correct unfolding of the movement for pouring out grievances (the wrongs done to the labouring people by the old society and by the reactionaries) and the three check-ups (on class origin, performance of duty and will to fight) greatly heightened the political consciousness of commanders and fighters throughout the army in the fight for the emancipation of the exploited working masses, for nationwide land reform and for the destruction of the common enemy of the people, the Chiang Kaishek bandit gang. It also greatly strengthened the firm unity of all commanders and fighters under the leadership of the Communist Party. On this basis, the army achieved greater purity in its ranks, strengthened discipline, unfolded a mass movement for training, and further developed its political, economic and military democracy in a completely well-led and orderly way. Thus the army has become united as one man, with everybody contributing his ideas and his strength, an army fearless of sacrifice and capable of overcoming material difficulties, which displays mass heroism and daring in destroying the enemy. Such an army will be invincible."On the Great Victory in the Northwest and on the New Type of Ideological Education Movement in the Liberation Army" (March 7, 1948), Selected Military Writings, 2nd ed., pp. 358-59.

出處：《評西北大捷兼論解放軍的新式整軍運動》（一九四八年三月七日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一二九二頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

差不多一切人民解放軍的部隊，在最近幾個月內，都利用了戰爭的空隙，實行了大規模的整訓。這種整訓，是完全有領導地和有秩序地採用民主方法進行的。由此，激發了廣大的指揮員和戰鬥員群衆的革命熱情，明確地認識了戰爭的目的，清除了存在於軍隊中的若干不正確的思想上的傾向和不良現象，教育了幹部和戰士，極大地提高了戰鬥力。這種民主的群衆性的新式的整軍運動，今後必須繼續進行。

In the last few months almost all the People's Liberation Army has made use of the intervals between battles for large-scale training and consolidation. This has been carried out in a fully guided, orderly and democratic way. It has therefore aroused the revolutionary fervour of the great masses of commanders and fighters, enabled them clearly to comprehend the aim of the war, eliminated certain incorrect ideological tendencies and undesirable manifestations in the army, educated the cadres and fighters and greatly enhanced the combat effectiveness of the army. From now on, we must continue to carry on this new type of ideological education movement in the army, a movement which has a democratic and mass character."Speech at a Conference of Cadres in the Shansi-Suiyuan Liberated Area" (April 1, 1948), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 234.

出處：《在晉綏幹部會議上的講話》（一九四八年四月一日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一零——一三一一頁

毛澤東選集：一九五〇年代起陸續出版的文集，收一九二五年以來的文章講話，是本書最主要的引證來源。

抗大的教育方針是：堅定正確的政治方向，艱苦樸素的工作作風，靈活機動的戰略戰術。這三者是造成一個抗日的革命的軍人所不可缺的。抗大的職員、教員、學生，都是根據這三者去進行教育，從事學習的。

The educational policy of the college [the Anti-Japanese Military and Political College] is to cultivate a firm and correct political orientation, an industrious and simple style of work, and flexible strategy and tactics. These are the three essentials in the making of an anti-Japanese revolutionary soldier. It is in accordance with these essentials that the staff teach and the students study.To Be Attacked by the Enemy Is Not a Bad Thing but a Good Thing (May 26, 1939), 1st pocket ed., p. 3.

出處：《被敵人反對是好事而不是壞事》（一九三九年五月二十六日），人民出版社版第三頁

我們民族歷來有一種艱苦奮鬥的作風，我們要把它發揚起來。……共產黨歷來提倡堅定正確的政治方向，……這種堅定正確的政治方向，是與艱苦奮鬥的工作作風不能脫離的，沒有堅定正確的政治方向，就不能激發艱苦奮鬥的工作作風；沒有艱苦奮鬥的工作作風，也就不能執行堅定正確的政治方向。

Our nation has always had a traditional style of hard struggle, which we should develop… What is more, the Communist Party has always advocated a firm and correct political orientation… This orientation is inseparable from a style of hard struggle. Without a firm and correct political orientation, it is impossible to promote a style of hard struggle. Without the style of hard struggle, it is impossible to maintain a firm and correct political orientation."Speech at the Yenan Rally in Celebration of International Labour Day" (May 1, 1939).

出處：《在延安慶祝五一國際勞動節大會上的講話》（一九三九年五月一日），一九三九年五月十日《新中華報》

團結、緊張、嚴肅、活潑。為「抗大」制定的校訓世界上怕就怕「認真」二字，共產黨就最講「認真」。

Be united, alert, earnest and lively. Motto for the Anti-Japanese Military and Political College. What really counts in the world is conscientiousness, and the Communist Party is most particular about being conscientious.Talk at a meeting with Chinese students and trainees in Moscow (November 17, 1957).

出處：在莫斯科會見我國留學生和實習生時的談話（一九五七年十一月十七日），《毛主席在蘇聯的言論》人民日報出版社版第一五頁