Education and the Training of Troops

我們的教育方針，應該使受教育者在德育、智育、體育幾方面都得到發展，成為有社會主義覺悟的有文化的勞動者。

As for education for cadres whether at work or in schools for cadres, a policy should be established of focusing such education on the study of the practical problems of the Chinese revolution and using the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism as the guide, and the method of studying Marxism- Leninism statically and in isolation should be discarded.

Source: "Reform Our Study" (May 1941), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 24.

對於在職幹部的教育和幹部學校的教育，應確立以研究中國革命實際問題為中心，以馬克思列寧主義基本原則為指導的方針，廢除靜止地孤立地研究馬克思列寧主義的方法。

Reform Our Study — May 1941, a Yan'an rectification document on theory joined to practice.

For a military school, the most important question is the selection of a director and instructors and the adoption of an educational policy.

Source: "Problems of Strategy in China 's Revolutionary War" (December 1936), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 185.*

一個軍事學校，最重要的問題，是選擇校長教員和規定教育方針。

A school of a hundred people certainly cannot be run well if it does not have a leading group of several people, or a dozen or more, which is formed in accordance with the actual circumstances (and not thrown together artificially) and is composed of the most active, upright and alert of the teachers, the other staff and the students.

Source: "Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership" (June 1, 1943), Selected Works, Vol. III, pp. 118-19.

一個百人的學校，如果沒有一個從教員中、職員中、學生中按照實際形成的（不是勉強湊集的）最積極最正派最機敏的幾個人乃至十幾個人的領導骨幹，這個學校就一定辦不好。

Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership — June 1943, systematising 'from the masses, to the masses'.

All officers and fighters of our army must improve their military art, march forward courageously towards certain victory in the war and resolutely, thoroughly, wholly and completely wipe out all enemies.

Source: "Manifesto of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" (October 1947), Selected Military Writings, 2nd ed., p. 340.

我全軍將士必須提高軍事藝術，在必勝的戰爭中勇猛前進，堅決徹底乾淨全部地殲滅一切敵人。

Equal importance should be attached to the military and political aspects of the one-year consolidation and training programme which has just begun, and the two aspects should be integrated. At the start, stress should be placed on the political aspect, on improving relations between officers and men, enhancing internal unity and arousing a high level of enthusiasm among the masses of cadres and fighters. Only thus will the military consolidation and training proceed smoothly and attain better results.

Source: "The Tasks for 1945" (December 15, 1944).

目前開始的一年整訓計劃，軍事整訓與政治整訓應該並重，並使二者互相結合。整訓開始時，還應著重政治方面，著重於改善官兵關係，增強內部團結，發動幹部與戰士群衆的高度積極性，軍事整訓才易於實施與更有效果。

As for the method of training, we should unfold the mass training movement in which officers teach soldiers, soldiers teach officers and the soldiers teach each other.

Source: "Policy for Work in the Liberated Areas for 1946" (December 15, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 76.

練兵方法，應開展官教兵、兵教官、兵教兵的群衆練兵運動。

As for the training courses, the main objective should still be to raise the level of technique in marksmanship, bayoneting grenade-throwing and the like and the secondary objective should be to raise the level of tactics, while special emphasis should be laid on night operations.

Source: "Policy for Work in the Liberated Areas for 1946" (December 15, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. IV, p. 76.*

我們練兵的口號是：「官教兵，兵教官，兵教兵。」戰士們有很多打仗的實際經驗。當官的要向戰士學習，把別人的經驗變成自己的，他的本領就大了。《對晉綏日報編輯人員的談話》（一九四入年四月二日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷第一三一九頁練兵項目，仍以提高射擊、刺殺、投彈等項技術程度為主，提高戰術程度為輔，特別著重於練習夜戰。